
How much can we glean about someone if we can’t see their face?
In social gatherings, in meetings, and at all stages of love and courtship and trouble, we usually look closely at the faces that we encounter. Everything of importance is to be found there. When you are in a strange location where the people are unknown to you, you are likely to go back to early habits of reading faces, expressions, gestures, in the hope of discovering both character and social subtexts, simply so that you can get by. The face is where you start from. Sometimes that is where you stay.
From The Art of Subtext: Beyond Plot by Charles Baxter (Graywolf Press).
I’m guilty of avoiding one of the greatest challenges of writing: describing a character’s face—or is it something to feel guilty about? Is the face so terribly important? Does the reader really need a picture of the eyes, nose, mouth or expression of a character to fully understand her?
I’ve been wondering about this since reading Baxter’s The Art of Subtext: Beyond Plot. This excellent book (part of an equally excellent series on writing craft well worth checking out) examines “those elements that propel readers beyond the plot of a novel or short story into the realm of what haunts the imagination: the implied, the half-visible, and the unspoken.” The final chapter, “Loss of Face,” was inspired by an experience Baxter had with a creative writing student. Baxter suggested adding a description of facial expression in a scene where a character receives bad news and the student refused. “It’s too hard,” the student said. “Besides, no one does that anymore.” And it’s true: a lot of contemporary fiction is faceless. The blunt truth of his student’s statement provoked Baxter to explore why writers have all but given up.
“Loss of Face” covers a lot of territory: beauty, the limitations of physiognomy in revealing character, the mask-like quality of faces when you consider that so many iconic faces are those of performers, the overload of faces via mass media, and also the reality that writers have to tread carefully with physical description to avoid racial or social stereotyping. So it’s not surprising that many writers leave the face blank.
Of course, not all writers have opted out. Baxter cites Saul Bellow, never one to skimp on description, as a good example:
Bellow’s good and bad characters are always revealed by their faces; the shrewd observer watches them closely enough to observe the mask falling away each time. There’s a predatory gaze in Bellow, a feeling of the necessity of watching others.
Any writer who adopts that predatory gaze takes a risk, writes Baxter:
The character or narrator who makes these assessments is often shrewd and unpleasant. You cannot be a nice person and also judge people’s characters based on their faces. That requires a kind of cruelty, an ability to say what no one else is willing to say. That is a form of bravery, and Bellow’s fiction is always brave in this manner.
Part of the difficulty is how to get past the obvious and hackneyed observations of facial features and expressions to reveal something unique about the person behind the face or mask. It’s so much easier to leave it blank and move on, say, to the clothing. Just put some tartan pants and suspenders on a middle-aged female character and the reader sits up and takes notice.
But to understand character, the reader doesn’t need a detailed portrait. A quick skim through some Mavis Gallant stories reveals that she includes random but salient details: could be hair, face, body, clothes, but also the impression the details make. Richard Ford often ignores the face in favour of a scan of the overall physique. When he does add facial detail, it is rich with subtext. From his devastatingly excellent novella, Abyss (in A Multitude of Sins):
She was spunky and had snapping blue eyes, an attractively mannish little blond haircut and a barely noticeable overbite that displayed the bottoms of her incisors. She was the only daughter of a Polish widower from Bridgeport, had performed the balance beam in high school, and was as hard as a little brickbat.
These concise and selective details give the reader plenty to chew on: eyes that snap (she suffers no fools), no-nonsense hair (suggesting confidence), slightly flawed teeth (so she’s not a super-model—and might even bite). Then onto her family background (maybe she was lavished with attention, but saddled, too, with expectations), and a random athletic detail that leads right to an amusing and erotically-charged assessment of her physique. After all, we are seeing her from the point of view of the man who will soon be involved with her.

Apologies to whoever this is. You’re lovely, though possibly sweaty. Please don’t sue me.
Too often, I struggle to visualize what my characters look like. Indistinct in my mind beyond a general dress or suit size (always size 8 women or 40 men—why?), they await my assignment of beauty or lack thereof. Or ordinariness, heaven help them. It’s discouraging. Occasionally, I come across an image of someone who becomes the perfect muse for a specific character, like the gentleman in the photo here who partially inspired the humourless Hyperhydrosis-suffering architect in my story, “The Chairs in Bjorn’s Living Room” (Grain Magazine, Vol. 38, No. 3). His confident and direct stare intrigued me. For obvious reasons I try to avoid modeling characters on the people in my life. People I’ve lost touch with? Fair game. Good reason to stay in touch. Or watch your back—er, face.
The human face, whether a mask or window to the soul (whoa—did I actually just write that?), is never a straightforward read and even more difficult to capture with words. But if a face can reveal deeper meaning in a story, it’s certainly worth a try. I guess I’m ready now to face it.

Given a face (or a trout mask) at least something is revealed: someone’s a fan of Captain Beefheart.